Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Management (JES-TM)

Study of the Characteristics of Cellular Lightweight Concrete (CLC) Bricks Using (Palm Kernel Shell) Ash as a Comment Additive

2025-12-19T12:46:51+07:00

Riau Province is one of Indonesia’s largest palm oil–producing regions, generating substantial biomass waste such as palm kernel shells. One potential use of this waste is Palm Kernel Shell Ash (PKS-Ash), which contains silica (SiO₂) and alumina (Al₂O₃) that are beneficial for cementitious reactions. This study aims to evaluate the effect of PKS-Ash as a cement additive on the properties of Cellular Lightweight Concrete (CLC) bricks, particularly unit weight, water absorption, and compressive strength. A laboratory-scale experimental method was applied. The test specimens were produced using cement, sand, water, a foaming agent, and PKS-Ash with variations of 0%, 4%, 6%, and 8% by weight of cement. All specimens were tested at curing ages of 7, 14, 21, and 28 days in accordance with SNI 8640-2018. The results at 28 days showed that the addition of PKS-Ash significantly influenced the characteristics of the CLC bricks. Compressive strength increased with higher PKS-Ash content, reaching a maximum value of 1.775 MPa at the 8% variation, compared to 0.975 MPa for the control mixture. The unit weight of the specimens ranged from 1,304.29 kg/m³ to 1,716.44 kg/m³. Water absorption values varied, with the lowest absorption observed in the 0% mixture and the highest in the 4% mixture. The study concludes that PKS-Ash has strong potential as a sustainable additive to improve the compressive strength of CLC lightweight bricks while promoting effective utilization of palm oil industry waste.

Analysis of Added Value Brownies Product Using the Hayami Method (Case Study: Syiaghi MSME in Pekanbaru City)

2026-03-12T20:12:22+07:00

Syiaghi MSMEs have turned their brownie business into a value-added and competitive venture. A study to analyze the added value and competitiveness of brownies produced by Syiaghi MSMEs in PekanbaruThis study applies a quantitative approach using both primary and secondary data. Primary data was collected through direct observation (survey) at Syiaghi MSMEs and interviews with business owners. Secondary data was collected through library studies and other documents. Respondents in this study were determined using the purposive sampling method. Respondents were selected based on the type of brownies marketed (baked brownies), high daily production volume, and marketing to several campuses and stores. The selected respondents were business actors from Syiaghi MSMEs in Pekanbaru City. The analysis of the added value of brownies used the Hayami method. Based on the results of the research conducted on Syiaghi MSMEs with brownie products, it can be concluded that processing flour into brownies provides positive added value. The added value obtained was IDR 398,792 with an added value ratio of 71%, which is relatively high. This indicates that the processing is able to significantly increase the economic value of the product compared to the raw materials. Syiaghi SME is able to manage the production process efficiently through a combination of raw materials, labor, technology, and appropriate packaging. The high added value contributes positively to business profits, production efficiency, and the competitiveness of brownies in the market, making this business viable and promising for further development.

Prototype of Water Rise Detection Tool in Kampar River Fish Cages Based on Internet of Things (IoT)

2026-02-05T12:19:38+07:00

Fish cages, classified as vessels under the Indonesian Shipping Law Number 17 of 2008, must consider safety aspects due to risks such as sinking and drifting. Increasing river discharge causes damage to the cage structures, potentially worsening fish health and causing economic losses for fish farmers. This study aims to develop a water level detection device for fish cages in the Kampar River using Internet of Things (IoT) technology based on waterproof ultrasonic sensors and the ESP32 microcontroller. The device can automatically monitor water levels and provide real-time alerts to cage owners via wireless Wi-Fi or Bluetooth connections. The research uses a Research and Development (R&D) approach. This innovation is expected to help fish cage owners anticipate risks from changes in water levels and improve the management of fish farming operations

Characteristics Study of Parking Land of Kuok Public Health Center

2026-01-02T23:18:58+07:00

This study aims to determine the characteristics and parking space requirements at the Puskesmas Kuok, located in Kuok District, Kampar Regency. Puskesmas Kuok serves as the main healthcare facility in the area and has experienced a steady increase in visitors each year, making the need for adequate parking facilities increasingly important. The research method used was a field survey, with primary data collected through direct observation of the number of vehicles entering and exiting, parking duration, and vehicle types. Secondary data were obtained from the health center, including information on the number of employees, visitors, and the layout of the parking area. The analysis results showed that the highest parking volume occurred on Monday, with 80 motorcycles and 15 cars. The average parking duration was 2.15 hours for motorcycles and 5.12 hours for cars. The highest parking index reached 90% for motorcycles and 93% for cars, indicating that the parking capacity was frequently exceeded, especially during peak hours. This condition caused disorganized parking and reduced visitor comfort. Based on the research findings, it is recommended that the health center reorganize the parking area by providing marked Standard Parking Spaces and consider expanding the parking area to improve efficiency and user convenience.

Impact of Thresher Drum Rotation in Removing Palm Fruit from Boiled Fruit Bunches (TBR)

2026-01-12T00:09:02+07:00

The effectiveness of palm fruit release at the Thresher station is greatly influenced by the stability of the drum rotation speed. However, operational conditions at PTPN IV Kebun Mayanng indicate instability of rotation due to variations in fruit size and fluctuations in the energy supply from the Boiler, so that the threshing process does not always occur optimally. This study aims to analyze the effect of the Thresher drum rotation speed on the ability to release palm fruit from the bunch and its impact on fruit damage under field conditions. The research method uses a mixed approach through direct observation at the Thresher station and quantitative measurements at three rotation variations, namely 20, 23, and 26 RPM. The measurement results are then analyzed qualitatively based on actual operational conditions. The results show that a speed of 23 RPM is the most stable rotation, resulting in effective fruit release with an acceptable level of fruit damage. A rotation of 20 RPM provides lower fruit damage, but causes less optimal fruit release and increases the number of fruit left on empty bunches. Meanwhile, a rotation of 26 RPM is able to increase the effectiveness of release, but causes very high fruit damage due to the influence of excessive centrifugal force. Overall, this study demonstrates a trade-off between release efficiency and fruit damage. Too high a rotation speed increases release efficiency but increases fruit damage, while too low a rotation speed decreases release efficiency and increases loss, albeit with less damage

Noise Analysis in 5G Network Transmission Systems

2026-02-11T17:37:37+07:00

The advancement of 5G networks offers high-speed communication, low latency, and massive connectivity, but faces challenges from noise and interference in the sub-6 GHz and mmWave bands (Rappaport et al., 2019). This study aims to analyze the characteristics and dominance of noise in 5G transmission systems and evaluate efficient mitigation strategies such as adaptive beamforming. Using a qualitative approach to secondary data analysis, the population includes publications on 5G noise from 2016 to 2025 from Google Scholar, with a purposive sample of 20-25 primary sources including 3GPP standards. The instruments are scientific articles and technical reports; analysis techniques include thematic clustering, comparative interpretation, and source triangulation (Sugiyono, 2021). The results show that thermal noise dominates sub-6 GHz due to user density, while mmWave shifts to phase noise and intra-cell interference in dense deployments (Rebato et al., 2016). In conclusion, dynamic noise mitigation through beamforming improves the spectral efficiency and reliability of 5G rollout in Indonesia.

Study of the Characteristics of CLC (Cellular Lightweight Concrete) with the Addition of Rice Husk Ash

2026-02-09T17:34:03+07:00

This study aims to analyze the effect of adding rice husk ash on the compressive strength of Cellular Lightweight Concrete (CLC) blocks. The research background is based on the need for building materials that are lightweight, environmentally friendly, and possess adequate mechanical strength. Rice husk ash is used as an additive material due to its high silica content and its potential to enhance the bonding between particles in the lightweight concrete matrix. The research method employed is an experimental method with variations in the addition of rice husk ash of 0%, 2.5%, 5%, and 10% by weight of cement. The test specimens were cube-shaped and were tested at the ages of 7, 14, and 28 days in accordance with SNI 8640-2018. The results indicate that the compressive strength increases with both the concrete age and the percentage of rice husk ash addition up to an optimum limit. At the age of 28 days, the highest compressive strength was obtained at the 10% rice husk ash variation, reaching 3.63 MPa, while the 5% variation produced a compressive strength of 3.33 MPa. Compared to lightweight blocks without the addition of rice husk ash, all variations exhibited a significant increase in compressive strength. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the addition of rice husk ash up to 10% is effective in improving the compressive strength of CLC lightweight blocks and meets the requirements for non-structural lightweight blocks.

Efforts to Increase Boil-Off Gas (BOG) Without Fuel Gas Pump in The State of Ballast Voyage at M.T. Coral Energy

2025-12-16T10:15:57+07:00

This study examines practical efforts to increase Boil-Off Gas (BOG) production without relying on the Fuel Gas Pump (FGP) during ballast voyage on the M.T. Coral Energy. In this condition, the vessel carries only a small amount of heel cargo, causing limited natural evaporation and a significant drop in tank pressure, which often results in insufficient BOG supply for the main engine. These operational constraints highlight the need for an alternative strategy that is both efficient and safer for cryogenic equipment.Using a qualitative descriptive approach, the research incorporates direct observation, structured interviews with deck officers, and operational documentation from the vessel. Data were analyzed using a fishbone framework to trace the root causes of low BOG production, focusing on technical, environmental, and human-factor aspects. The findings show that applying the top spray method using the deepwell pump effectively increases tank pressure and stabilizes BOG availability during ballast voyage. This method helps maintain a consistent gas supply for propulsion without adding mechanical load or maintenance risks to the FGP. The success of this approach depends largely on accurate flow control, careful pressure monitoring, and the crew’s understanding of the operational procedure. Overall, the study concludes that top spray is a reliable and energy-efficient alternative for BOG management when FGP use is minimized. The results are expected to support LNG carrier operations, particularly in optimizing fuel systems under low-cargo condition.

The Effect of Variations in the Concentration of Added Butyrum (milk fat) on the Making of Paper Soap and Organoleptic Properties: Sensory Tests and Product Stability

2026-02-13T23:37:19+07:00

This study aims to determine the effect of variations in the concentration of butyrum (milk fat) addition on the quality of paper soap, including organoleptic properties, pH, free alkali, and solubility. Paper soap is made by the hot process method using the main ingredients of VCO, NaOH, distilled water, HPMC, camperlan, 96% ethanol, citric acid, and butyrum with 25 formulation variations. Organoleptic tests are carried out based on observations of color, aroma, texture, and foam volume. The pH test aims to ensure the acidity level of the soap is safe for the skin, the free alkali test is carried out by the titration method, and the solubility test measures the dissolving time of the soap in water. The results show that variations in butyrum concentration affect the physical properties of paper soap, especially the texture and foam produced. The pH value of the soap is in the range of 8–9 with an average of 8.5, thus meeting SNI standards. The free alkali test shows that all formulas are below the maximum limit of 0.1%, so it is safe to use. The dissolution time of the paper soap is in the range of 1–3 minutes, indicating good solubility. Overall, the addition of butyrum has a positive effect on the organoleptic quality and stability of paper soap.

Analysis of Water Catchment Area Potential Based on Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Case Study of XIII Koto Kampar District

2025-12-24T20:55:29+07:00

Recharge areas play a crucial role in maintaining hydrological balance and sustaining groundwater resources. Uncontrolled land use change can reduce infiltration capacity and increase environmental risks such as flooding and groundwater depletion. This study aims to analyze and map the potential of groundwater recharge areas using a Geographic Information System (GIS) to support spatial planning and water resource management. The research employed secondary data consisting of rainfall, slope, soil type, and land use. Each parameter was standardized, weighted, and scored according to its influence on infiltration capacity, then integrated using a weighted overlay method within GIS software to produce a comprehensive recharge potential map. The results classify the study area into low, moderate, and high groundwater recharge potential zones. Areas with high recharge potential are predominantly associated with gentle slopes, coarse-textured soils, relatively high rainfall, and land use dominated by vegetation cover, whereas low potential zones are characterized by steeper slopes, fine-textured soils, and built-up land use. The resulting map provides a spatial representation of recharge capacity that can be used to identify priority areas for conservation and guide land use control. This study demonstrates that GIS-based multi-criteria analysis is effective for evaluating groundwater recharge potential and generating practical spatial information. The findings are expected to support decision making in spatial planning, groundwater conservation strategies, and sustainable environmental management, as well as to serve as a reference for future studies related to hydrological assessment and land use planning. It also enhances data integration, transparency, and consistency across planning processes locally.

Analysis of Causative Factors of Delayed Project Completion (Case Study of Norfa Husada Mother and Child Hospital)

2025-12-28T20:04:15+07:00

Construction project delay is a condition where the execution of work does not proceed according to the agreed schedule. The construction project of Norfa Husada Mother and Child Hospital experienced delays impacting costs and operational time. This study aims to identify the factors causing delays, determine the most dominant factors, and formulate preventive measures. The method used was a questionnaire distribution to 30 respondents directly involved in the project, including contractors, consultants, and project owners. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (Mean Rank) with SPSS software. The results show that the Planning Factor is the most dominant cause, specifically due to design changes (redesign) and changes in the scope of work, with a mean value of 1.97. The second dominant factor is the Execution Factor, particularly regarding poor work sequence planning, with a mean value of 1.90. Based on these results, the main strategies to prevent delays include maturing the design planning before construction begins, strengthening coordination between the owner and contractor regarding scope changes, and establishing a more structured method of execution (SOP) in the field.

Optimization of Services in Workshops Thanks to The Use of a Website-Based Information System

2025-12-31T00:10:04+07:00

The Berkat Yakin Workshop still implements a manual service and data recording system, causing various problems such as difficulties in managing service data, service history, and uncertainty in estimating time and costs for customers. This research aims to optimize services at the Yakin Blessing Workshop through the development of a website-based information system. The system development method used is the Framework for the Application of System Thinking (FAST) with stages of scope definition, problem analysis, requirements analysis, logical design, physical design, construction and testing, and installation and delivery. The system was developed using the Laravel framework with MySQL databases and Unified Modeling Language (UML) modeling. The system test was carried out using Blackbox Testing with the Equivalence Partitioning technique. The results of the study show that the website-based information system is able to improve the operational efficiency of the workshop, make it easier to manage service and customer data, and provide convenience for customers in booking services and obtaining information on estimated costs and processing time. Thus, the system developed is considered to be able to improve the quality of service at the Yakin Blessing Workshop.

The Effect of Freezing Time on the Melting Time of Ice Blocks at PT Siantar Ice Factory

2026-02-09T10:51:15+07:00

The background of this study is based on the needs of the ice block industry for products with higher resistance to melting in order to maintain distribution quality and improve operational efficiency. This research aims to analyze the effect of freezing duration on the melting time of ice blocks and to determine the most optimal freezing time among 24 hours, 27 hours, and 30 hours. The research methodology employs a mixed-method approach through direct observation conducted during Field Work Practice (PKL). Quantitative data were obtained from measurements of the melting time of ice blocks produced under three different freezing durations with three repetitions, while qualitative data were collected from observations of the freezing process and the physical condition of the ice. The freezing process was carried out at a temperature range of −10°C to −15°C using a brine-based cooling system. The results indicate that freezing for 24 hours produces an average melting time of 8.5 hours, freezing for 27 hours results in an average melting time of 10.2 hours, and freezing for 30 hours results in an average melting time of 12.5 hours. These findings demonstrate that longer freezing durations lead to increased melting time of ice blocks. Freezing for 30 hours provides the longest melting time and is considered the most optimal in enhancing resistance to melting.

Determination of Chloride Levels in Water from PDAM Semanggi 2 and Cinere Well Water, South Tangerang Using Precipitation Titration with the Method MOHR

2026-02-09T17:04:26+07:00

The Mohr method of argentometric precipitation titration is often used for chloride analysis in water due to its high accuracy and simplicity of procedure. This study aims to determine chloride levels in water from PDAM Semanggi 2 and well water from Cinere, South Tangerang. An experimental quantitative approach was applied to the Ciputat domestic water source population and 50 mL purposive samples from both locations on November 6, 2025. Instruments included a brown burette, a graduated pipette, an analytical balance, and AgNO₃, NaCl, and K₂CrO₄; data analysis used normality calculations and average duplo. The results showed that the chloride levels in PDAM Semanggi 2 water were 80.02 mg/L and in Cinere well water were 92.34 mg/L, both below the quality standard of 300 mg/L (PP No. 22/2021). It was concluded that well water has higher levels due to geological factors, so both sources are safe for domestic consumption with recommendations for regular monitoring.

Vibration Pattern Analysis for Early Detection of Engine Component Faults Using Artificial Neural Networks

2025-10-21T23:13:03+07:00

This study presents an integrated approach to vehicle vibration pattern analysis and early fault detection using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) modeling to address key maintenance challenges, including unplanned engine downtime and the limitations of conventional time-based preventive maintenance strategies. The research combines empirical vibration measurements obtained from internal combustion engines with a computational ANN model developed to automatically classify engine health conditions. The experimental phase focused on collecting vibration data under three operational states: normal, degrading, and faulty, each exhibiting distinctive vibration characteristics associated with combustion pressure variations and mechanical imbalance.A total of 500 vibration samples were recorded, with 400 used for ANN training and 100 for validation. The proposed feedforward multilayer perceptron (MLP) model achieved a classification accuracy of 94% with a mean squared error of 1.5 × 10⁻⁵. The ANN successfully identified transitional degradation patterns between normal and faulty states, demonstrating its capability for early fault diagnosis and supporting timely maintenance intervention and improved maintenance scheduling. Furthermore, the results reveal a strong correlation between combustion chamber pressure fluctuations and vibration amplitude, confirming that increased pressure irregularities lead to higher vibration energy levels. Overall, the proposed ANN-based vibration monitoring framework provides a non-invasive, cost-effective, and reliable solution for real-time engine condition assessment. By enabling early detection of mechanical degradation and reducing the risk of unexpected failures, the approach contributes to enhanced equipment availability, lower maintenance costs, and the effective implementation of predictive maintenance systems in automotive and industrial applications.

Comparison Of LCL Handling Charges At The Container Freight Station (CFS) Line 1 And Line 2 Depots

2026-02-03T12:03:15+07:00

Less than Container Load (LCL) is defined as cargo whose volume does not fill a full container and its movement requires allocation of LCL handling charges. This study aims to conduct a comparative study of LCL handling charges between Line 1 Container Freight Station (CFS) facilities and Line 2 depot facilities. Differences in operational locations and customs status between Line 1 CFS and Line 2 depots are predicted to cause variations in cost structures that directly affect the efficiency of the logistics supply chain. This study has three main objectives: identifying LCL service procedures, analyzing the development of LCL throughput volume for the period 2021–2024, and comparing LCL handling charges between the two locations. The methodology used is quantitative with a descriptive approach. Data were obtained through observation, interviews, and document studies at the Commercial and Business Development Department. Data analysis involved calculating the Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) to measure volume trends and descriptive comparative analysis to evaluate cost structures. The results show that LCL services are implemented through three main Job Orders: Receiving Service LCL (RSL), MIM, and Delivery Cargo. The LCL throughput trend shows a positive increase with a CAGR of 17.996%. Furthermore, the cost analysis results show that the Line 2 depot charges a higher LCL handling charge, which is around 26%–30% compared to the Line 1 CFS. Thus, the Line 1 CFS is proven to provide a competitive advantage for service users through a more efficient LCL charge handling structure.

Adaptation and Validation of the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS)

2025-12-19T12:50:17+07:00

Life satisfaction is an individual's cognitive evaluation of their overall quality of life, which is becoming increasingly important to understand in the context of Generation Z working amidst the dynamics of rapid social and technological change. This study aims to adapt and test the psychometric quality of the Indonesian version of the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) in the working Generation Z population. The study population was Generation Z (born 1997–2012) who worked full- or part-time, with a sample of 301 subjects obtained through accidental sampling techniques. The adaptation process was carried out following the ITC Guidelines for Translating and Adapting Tests, including forward translation, back translation, expert review with an Aiken's V value of 0.70–0.85 for each item, and a readability test. Data analysis involved reliability testing and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). The results of the reliability test showed good internal consistency with a Cronbach's Alpha value of 0.805. The CFA results confirmed an excellent fit of the single factor OR unidimensional model, with all items loading significantly (Standardized Factor Loading 0.577–0.772), as well as strong model fit indices (CFI = 1.00; TLI = 1.01; RMSEA = 0.00)

Analysis of Customer Satisfaction at Coffee Shops Using the Quality Function Deployment (QFD) Approach Integrated with the Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) Method

2026-03-20T01:37:54+07:00

Coffee Shop XYZ is a coffee shop located in Lampung that provides a space for people from all walks of life to meet and gather with friends. This shop focuses on service quality because service is one of the factors that influence customer satisfaction. This study focuses on the services provided at the coffee shop using the Quality Function Deployment (QFD) method integrated with the Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) method. This study integrates the IPA and QFD approaches as strategic tools for coffee shop management to transform findings regarding service weaknesses into concrete, systematic, and measurable technical action plans. The result of this QFD development is a House of Quality (HoQ), which contains information regarding the design and development of products or services aimed at identifying value gaps in customer satisfaction levels through the creation of a Planning Matrix within the QFD method. This study involved 100 respondents, each of whom was a general coffee shop consumer and a consumer of Coffee Shop XYZ. The results of this study indicate that there are 10 attributes that do not yet meet consumer expectations because they still have negative values, and a priority order for improvements was derived from the technical responses of Coffee Shop XYZ to enhance consumer satisfaction, particularly regarding service quality, as it has a strong relationship with consumer needs; thus, it is expected that these attributes will make a significant contribution.

Financial Management Application Design and DevelopmentAndroid Based (Case Study: Undergraduate Students of Pahlawan Tuanku Tambusai University)

2025-12-28T17:12:56+07:00

Personal financial management is a crucial aspect of maintaining financial stability, especially for students who often face financial constraints and difficulty recording daily transactions. This study aims to design and build anAndroid-based financial management application using the Flutter framework and Firebase as a database. The research method used was a prototype method, consisting of requirements gathering, system design, prototype creation, user evaluation, implementation, and testing. Data was obtained through interviews and observations with students at Pahlawan Tuanku Tambusai University, Bangkinang Kota District, Kampar Regency, Riau, many of whom still lack good financial record-keeping habits. The developed application provides features for recording income and expenses, budget planning, graphical financial reports, and fund allocation notifications. Black-box testing results indicate that the application meets user needs, is easy to use, and can help students track their finances more effectively and efficiently. Therefore, this application is expected to be a practical solution for improving financial literacy and student financial management habits.

Solid Waste Management System Analysis (Case Study Bangkinang City Subdistrict)

2026-01-02T23:22:49+07:00

Waste management is a crucial issue in sustainable development, particularly in areas with high population growth and economic activity. This study aims to evaluate the waste management system in Bangkinang Kota District, Kampar Regency, which faces various challenges, including inadequate infrastructure, low public awareness, and a suboptimal management system. The research method used is a Mixed Method approach, combining quantitative and qualitative data collection techniques simultaneously in one study. The results indicate that the waste management system in Bangkinang Kota is still not effectively integrated, particularly in operational techniques, community participation, and institutional aspects. The lack of storage facilities, unscheduled transportation, and the habit of littering are the main challenges. Recommendations from this study include improving waste infrastructure, providing ongoing community education, and strengthening regulations and coordination between relevant parties to create a sustainable and community-based waste management system.

Analysis of the Effect of Boiling Time on Oil Yield Palm oil at PTPN IV Mayang Plantation

2026-02-04T16:29:49+07:00

The boiling process of fresh fruit bunches (FFB) at PTPN IV Kebun Mayang is carried out using a semi-automatic system using a horizontal steam pressure sterilizer. This study analyzed three boiling time programs, namely 85 minutes, 90 minutes, and 95 minutes, with a triple peak pressure system. The purpose of the study was to determine the most optimal boiling time to obtain the potential palm oil yield. The method used was a direct experiment with quantitative and qualitative observations of the potential of fresh fruit bunches (FFB) and oil yield. The results showed that the average RMS of the 85-minute experiment was 16.98%, the average RMS of the 90-minute experiment was 23.76%, and the average RMS of the 95-minute experiment was 19.44%. In conclusion, the 90-minute boiling time appears to provide the most balanced results. Boiling that is too short results in low yields while boiling that exceeds the optimum limit also tends to reduce the quality or amount of extractable yield.

Predicting Chicken Egg Production Using the Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA) Method at PT. PULAU MANDIRI JAYA FARM

2026-02-09T14:19:50+07:00

Chicken egg production at PT. Pulau Mandiri Jaya Farm for the 2021-2024 period showed significant monthly fluctuations (2,140-6,890 tons) due to seasonal patterns and feed management challenges, requiring accurate time series forecasting for optimal planning. This study aims to predict egg production using the SARIMA(1,1,1)(1,1,1,12) model to capture annual seasonality. This quantitative descriptive study analyzed monthly univariate data from 48 observations, with purposive sampling (80% training: 38 months; 20% testing: 10 months). Data analysis used Python statsmodels for stationarity testing, ACF/PACF identification, model fitting, and MSE evaluation. The results showed excellent model performance (MSE=0.3262; Ljung-Box p=0.44; Jarque-Bera p=0.65), accurately predicting 2025 production (3,886-6,873 tons). In conclusion, the SARIMA model enables precision feed stock planning (60-70% of production costs), improving operational efficiency and food security in South Sumatra.

Observation Results of the Effect of Pre breaker Machines on Raw Rubber Products at PT Bridgestone Sumatra Rubber Estate

2026-02-09T19:53:16+07:00

This report presents the results of a field observation on the strategic role of the prebreaker machine in improving the quality of crumb rubber of the Standard Indonesian Rubber 20 (SIR 20) type at PT Bridgestone Sumatra Rubber Estate. The background of this observation is based on the complexity of processing raw rubber materials (Bokar), which are often contaminated by organic and inorganic materials that can reduce the physical integrity of tire products. The main objective of the observation is to evaluate the mechanical effectiveness of the prebreaker machine in reducing material size, improving contaminant removal efficiency, and preparing the rubber structure for optimal drying stages. The methods applied include participatory observation on the wet processing line, technical sampling, and comparative analysis of quality control laboratory data during the fieldwork practice period. The results indicate that the use of the prebreaker machine significantly reduces dirt content to below the threshold of 0.16% in accordance with SNI 1903:2011 standards and minimizes the formation of white spot defects through improved crumb homogeneity. The conclusion of this study confirms that optimizing blade configuration and rotational speed of the prebreaker machine is a key determinant in producing raw rubber that meets the technical specifications of the global automotive industry, while also supporting energy efficiency in subsequent production stages.

Optimizing The Implementation of Tank Coolingdown to Prepare For The LNG Loading Process on LNG Carrier Pan Africa Ships

2025-12-16T10:07:08+07:00

LNG cargo tanks are specifically designed to transport liquefied gas, and the coolingdown process becomes a critical stage prior to loading. This process is performed by spraying liquid gas through spray nozzles installed on the tank dome. This study employs a descriptive qualitative method, with data collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The data were analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model, which consist of data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings indicate that the coolingdown process on LNG/C Pan Africa generally complies with SIGTTO and IGC Code standards. However, two major issues were identified: a leakage in the cooldown valve on loading line number 2 caused by corrosion, which reduced the cooling rate from the standard 20°C/hour to approximately 10°C/hour, and a 1.5 hour delay in operating nitrogen system, which resulted in the IBS pressure not reaching the required 0.2-0.4 kPa. The study concludes that optimization of the coolingdown process can be achieved through preventive maintenance of the cooldown valve, improved coordination among officers, and enchanced accuracy in monitoring temperature and pressure. These recommendations are expected to improve the efficiency and safety pf LNG loading operations.

Design Modeling and Aerodynamic Optimization of a Micro-Scale 3-Blade HAWT Wind Turbine at Tip Speed Ratio (λ= 6)

2026-02-26T22:59:57+07:00

This study investigates the geometric design and performance estimation of a micro-scale three-blade Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine (HAWT) using a Computer Aided Design (CAD) approach operating at a tip speed ratio (TSR) of λ = 6. The study focuses on low wind speed characteristics obtained from field measurements in the range of 3–8 m/s with an average speed of approximately 5–6 m/s. Micro wind turbines operating under these conditions often experience low aerodynamic efficiency due to low Reynolds numbers and fluctuating airflow. The research methodology includes determining initial turbine parameters with a rotor diameter of 1.5 m, parametric blade modeling using CAD software, and performance estimation using theoretical wind energy equations involving wind power, tip speed ratio, and power coefficient (Cp). Design adjustments were conducted by modifying blade chord distribution, twist angle, and pitch angle to achieve stable performance at TSR = 6. The results indicate that the estimated power coefficient increases from approximately 0.28 in the initial configuration to about 0.35–0.38 after geometric adjustment. The turbine is estimated to produce theoretical power in the range of 90–150 W under moderate wind conditions. The three-blade configuration with gradual twist distribution and moderate pitch angle improves aerodynamic stability and energy conversion efficiency. This study provides a CAD-based design framework for micro-scale HAWT turbines intended for low wind speed environments, particularly in urban coastal areas where wind potential is limited.

Implementation of ABC and VED Analysis Methods in Book Inventory Management (Case Study: Toko Buku Al-Madinah)

2025-12-25T21:20:50+07:00

This study aims to evaluate and improve book inventory management at Al-Madinah Bookstore through the application of ABC and VED analysis methods. The ABC method is used to group books based on sales contribution and frequency of use, thus prioritizing the management of the most valuable books. Meanwhile, the VED method is used to classify books based on their level of importance for the continuity of store operations, namely Vital (V), Essential (E), and Desirable (D). This study uses a qualitative approach with descriptive methods to understand the phenomena in the field, while the data is presented and analyzed quantitatively to provide a statistical overview. The analysis results show that the ABC category is divided into 29% category A, 33% category B, and 37% category C, while the VED classification shows 10% of books are Vital, 63% Essential, and 27% Desirable. The ABC method helps prioritize stock control based on sales value, while VED ensures the availability of vital books based on user importance. The synergistic use of these two methods has proven effective in optimizing inventory, minimizing storage costs, and reducing the risk of shortages of important books, thus supporting the Books tore's business sustainability.

Analysis of Transportation Mode Choice to Campus by Students of Pahlawan University

2025-12-28T20:05:05+07:00

Transportation is an essential element in daily life, especially for students with high mobility. This study aims to analyze the choice of transportation modes used by Pahlawan University students on their way to campus. This study highlights student characteristics, factors influencing mode choice, and modeling of transportation mode choice. The method used is a quantitative approach through the distribution of online questionnaires to 100 active student respondents in the 2024–2025 academic year. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis and binary logistic regression with the help of SPSS software. The results show that the most commonly used mode of transportation is private vehicles, especially motorcycles. The study found that 'pocket money' (allowance) is a significant factor influencing transportation mode choice. The binary logistic regression model provides a robust statistical picture of student mode preferences in the local context of Bangkinang. This research is expected to serve as a reference in making transportation policies on campus and provide input for the development of an efficient transportation system that meets student needs.

Design and Construction of a Web-Based Sales Information System (Case study of a simple coffee shop business)

2026-02-06T08:18:18+07:00

Sales transactions at Kedai Kopi Sederhana are still carried out manually through handwritten order records, cash payments, and daily sales reports without digital support. This manual process leads to several issues, including recording errors, inaccurate orders, data loss risks, and delays in generating sales reports. This study aims to design and develop a web-based sales information system to improve operational efficiency and data accuracy. The FAST (Framework for the Application of Systems Thinking) method was used, consisting of scope definition, problem analysis, requirements analysis, logical and physical design, system construction, and testing. The system was developed using PHP with the Laravel framework and MySQL database. The results show that the system successfully automates ordering, payment validation, menu management, and real-time sales reporting. Black Box testing indicates that all features function properly according to user requirements. Therefore, the system enhances business efficiency, reduces recording errors, and enables the business owner to monitor sales performance more effectively.

Comparison of Analog Modulation and Demodulation Using MATLAB

2026-02-09T13:15:56+07:00

Analog communication systems remain foundational in applications such as radio broadcasting and low-power wireless transmission, where low-frequency signals require modulation to overcome bandwidth limitations and noise susceptibility. This study aims to compare the modulation-demodulation performance of Amplitude Modulation (AM), Frequency Modulation (FM), and Phase Modulation (PM) using MATLAB simulations in the time-frequency domain under varying Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) conditions. Using a quantitative simulation-based comparative approach, the study evaluates three main analog modulation types across SNR variations of 10–30 dB with Nyquist-compliant sampling. The main instrument is MATLAB software; data analysis includes time-domain waveform comparison, FFT-based frequency spectrum analysis, and pre/post-demodulation SNR metrics. Results show that AM experiences significant waveform distortion at low SNR (10–20 dB), with narrow bandwidth but prominent sidebands in the frequency spectrum. FM and PM demonstrate superior demodulated waveform stability and greater noise resilience, despite wider bandwidth requirements consistent with Carson's rule. In conclusion, FM and PM are more suitable for noisy transmission channels, such as rural radio communication in Indonesia, providing a practical simulation-based reference for electrical engineering education and low-cost analog communication system design. Future work is recommended to extend validation toward analog-digital hybrid architectures using real hardware platforms such as Software-Defined Radio (SDR).

Slab Cutter machine maintenance to improve the efficiency of Rubber products at PT Bridgestone

2026-01-22T22:29:29+07:00

Industrial asset maintenance management is a determining factor in ensuring operational continuity and output quality in the rubber processing manufacturing sector. This report examines the effectiveness of Slab Cutter machine maintenance at PT Bridgestone Sumatra Rubber Estate (BSRE) based on observations conducted during an Industrial Internship (Practical Work Program). The background of this study is grounded in the critical role of the Slab Cutter machine as an initial processing unit that reduces the dimensions of raw rubber slabs into uniform pieces in order to optimize subsequent milling and drying processes. Disruptions to this machine often result in significant downtime and irregular rubber particle sizes, which ultimately reduce energy efficiency and daily productivity. The main objective of this observation is to evaluate the preventive maintenance procedures implemented, identify the root causes of mechanical failures, and analyze their impact on the consistency of crumb rubber quality. Through the application of a qualitative field observation method, it was found that synchronization between routine cleaning, bearing lubrication, and blade sharpening was able to reduce operational failures by more than 75%. The conclusion of this study emphasizes that a reliability-based preventive maintenance strategy not only extends the service life of the machine but is also a fundamental prerequisite for achieving sustainable production efficiency targets within the Bridgestone industrial environment. This report recommends the adoption of a data-based monitoring system to detect early component wear in order to minimize emergency repair costs.

Efforts to Reduce Cargo Residue After Tank Cleaning Last Cargo Palm Stearin to Next Cargo Palm Olein in MT Loading Tank. TIRTASARI

2025-12-03T00:44:13+07:00

On chemical tanker ships, in addition to having strict safety regulations, the cargo is varied, sometimes with 2 or 3 different cargoes to be loaded. This requires the cargo tanks to be cleaned before loading the next cargo; however, there are often still cargo residues that can affect the quality of the cargo and cause failure during cargo tank inspections. This study aims to reduce the cargo residues that remain in the cargo tanks by observing several possible causes of the residues. This research uses descriptive qualitative research methods to address the problems occurring on the ship and employs data collection techniques including observation, interviews, and documentation, conducted while the researcher carried out sea practice on the MT Tirtasari ship for 12 months and 5 days, from October 5, 2023, to October 10, 2024.

Strength Analysis of Micro Wind Turbine Blade Structure Made of Composite Material Using Finite Element Analysis

2026-02-02T19:02:34+07:00

This study analyzes the Structural Strength of micro wind turbine blades made of CFRP and GFRP composites using the Finite Element Analysis (FEA) method. Aerodynamic loads are obtained from QBlade simulations at a wind speed of 12 m/s and applied as non-uniform pressure on the blades. Composite modeling is performed with ANSYS Composite PrepPost (ACP) using a 4-ply laminated composite configuration with fiber orientations of 0°, 45°, −45°, and 90° and varying ply thicknesses along the blade. Static analysis shows that the CFRP blade produces a Von Mises stress of 15,648 MPa with a maximum displacement of 3.1616 mm, while the GFRP blade produces a stress of 12,786 MPa with a maximum displacement of 6,947 mm. These results indicate that CFRP has better Structural stiffness than GFRP, making it more suitable for micro wind turbine blade applications that require high Structural stability.

Optimization of Fire Hydrant Maintenance to Minimize Fire Incidents on Board MV. HABCO CARINA

2025-12-23T21:32:58+07:00

Fires on board a ship are an emergency situation that poses a high risk to the safety of the crew, cargo, and the ship itself. Therefore, the readiness and quality of fire extinguishing system maintenance, especially fire hydrants, are crucial aspects in supporting shipping safety. This study aims to analyze the actual condition of fire hydrant maintenance on the MV Habco Carina, identify challenges encountered, and formulate maintenance optimization efforts to ensure the fire extinguishing system functions optimally during emergencies. The study used a qualitative descriptive method through direct observation on board the ship and interviews with the ship's officers and crew. The study was conducted during the researcher's 12-month sea practice on the MV. Habco Carina. The research results show that several fire hydrant components such as hoses, nozzles, valves, and fire pumps are not in optimal condition due to a lack of regular maintenance, minimal technical competence of some crew members, and weak supervision and documentation. This results in low water pressure and suboptimal system function during fire drills. Recommended optimization efforts include improving the quality of scheduled technical maintenance, strengthening the implementation of the PMS, improving crew competence through technical training, and routinely evaluating the effectiveness of the fire hydrant system. With the implementation of more structured and standardized maintenance, the fire hydrant system is expected to support ship preparedness in preventing and handling fires.

Smart Adaptive Traffic Light Prototype Using Ultrasonic Sensors and Arduino

2025-12-28T17:14:49+07:00

Traffic congestion at intersections is often caused by traffic light systems that still rely on fixed timing without taking into account the number of vehicles. The purpose of this study is to create a prototype of a smart traffic light that can adapt automatically using ultrasonic sensors and Arduino. The method applied is Research and Development (RnD) with a prototype approach through the stages of design, assembly, and using a scaled prototype simulation. The results of the testing show that this system is capable of regulating the duration of the green light based on vehicle density, thereby improving the smooth flow of traffic at intersections.

Structural Safety Analysis of Pahlawan University Apartment Building

2026-01-02T23:19:50+07:00

The Rusunawa Putri Building at Universitas Pahlawan serves as a student residence operating 24 hours a day, providing essential accommodation facilities. Current physical conditions show several damages, including wall cracks, water seepage, damaged doors, and ceiling deterioration. This study aims to identify the factors influencing building reliability and to assess the reliability level of the Rusunawa Putri Building. A descriptive quantitative and qualitative method was applied, involving field observations, interviews, and questionnaires distributed to 28 residents. The assessment refers to the Ministry of Public Works Regulation No.29/PRT/M/2006, which includes five aspects: architecture, structure, utilities and fire protection, accessibility, and building and environmental layout. The findings show reliability values of 75% for architecture, 78% for structure, 82% for utilities and fire protection, 76% for accessibility, and 76% for building and environmental layout. Overall, the building achieved a reliability score of 82%, which falls into the less reliable category (75–<95%). This study recommends periodic maintenance and the provision of essential components such as hydrants, sprinklers, evacuation facilities, and disability-accessible amenities to improve building safety and reliability

Community Empowerment Based on VCO Oil Production Training in Balamoa Village

2026-01-12T00:32:21+07:00

The community service program (KKN) of Alkhairaat University (Unisa) Group 131 in Balamoa Village, Dolo Barat District, Sigi Regency, Central Sulawesi, focuses on the production of Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO). This flagship program was held over two sessions on October 20 and 24, 2025. The activity aimed to enhance the knowledge and skills of local residents, particularly housewives, in processing coconuts into high-economic-value products. The program was implemented using a lecture and hands-on practice method. The results show high enthusiasm among participants and improved understanding of hygienic and marketable VCO production techniques. This activity has the potential to serve as the foundation for sustainable home-based businesses using local coconut resources

Implementation of a Hazard Reporting System for Work Risk Mitigation at MT. Al Daayen

2026-01-22T22:27:23+07:00

Work safety is a critical priority in maritime operations, particularly within the high-risk environment of tanker vessels. In accordance with International Maritime Organization (IMO) regulations, hazard reporting constitutes a fundamental pillar of the Safety Management System (SMS), designed to mitigate risks and foster a proactive safety culture. This study investigates the effectiveness of Hazard Report implementation on the MT. Al Daayen, specifically analyzing its impact on accident prevention behaviors and identifying the obstacles impeding consistent crew participation. Adopting a qualitative descriptive approach, this research utilizes Miles and Huberman’s interactive model to analyze data gathered through structured interviews, direct field observations, and longitudinal documentation reviews. The results demonstrate that the system has significantly enhanced safety culture, evidenced by heightened crew vigilance, consistent PPE adherence, and a measurable decline in near-miss incidents between 2021 and 2024. However, the study reveals that implementation remains suboptimal due to low participation from ratings. The analysis isolates critical barriers: human factors, including a lack of confidence and psychological fears of assigning blame; methodological constraints caused by lengthy, impractical forms; and environmental pressures, where the fast-paced operational tempo compels crew members to prioritize immediate rectification over formal documentation. The study concludes that simplifying reporting mechanisms is essential for ensuring inclusive safety engagement.

Combination of Starch and Pectin as Raw Materials for Making Edible Film

2025-09-26T15:48:20+07:00

Food spoilage, driven by factors like microbes and oxygen, is a major challenge in food preservation. Edible films offer an eco-friendly and biodegradable solution, acting as a protective barrier that reduces waste and extends a product's shelf life. While starch is a common and affordable material for these films, it has limitations, including poor water resistance and brittleness. This study investigates combining starch and pectin to create a superior composite edible film. This approach leverages the synergistic interaction between the two materials, which forms a more stable, dense structure through hydrogen bonds. This combination enhances key properties like tensile strength, flexibility, and water vapor resistance. The specific structure of the pectin, such as its level of methylation, is crucial, as it directly impacts how well it blends with starch and the film's final performance. By carefully controlling these interactions, the resulting edible films can achieve properties comparable to some fossil-based plastics, positioning them as a promising and sustainable alternative for food packaging. To support these findings, this research will analyze and review key performance factors from studies published over the past five years.

Operational Performance Analysis of the Talud Tegak Wharf at the Public Port Owned by PT. Pelabuhan Indonesia (PELINDO) Gresik

2026-02-09T19:54:39+07:00

The Public Port of PELINDO Gresik is one of the strategic ports in East Java that functions as a major hub for regional cargo and logistics movement. Talud Tegak Wharf is one of the operational facilities that plays an important role in supporting cargo handling activities, particularly log timber commodities. This study aims to analyze the operational performance of Talud Tegak Wharf in supporting the smooth provision of port services. This research was conducted at Talud Tegak Wharf of the Public Port owned by PT Pelabuhan Indonesia (PELINDO) Gresik over a one-year observation period. The research employed a quantitative method using an operational performance analysis approach. Data were obtained through field observations and port operational records, analyzed then based on operational performance indicators, including vessel arrival trends, berthing time, cargo handling productivity, and berth utilization rate or Berth Occupancy Ratio (BOR). The analysis results were subsequently compared with port operational performance standards specified in the technical regulations of the Directorate General of Sea Transportation. The results indicate that the operational performance of Talud Tegak Wharf is in a good category. The average productivity of log timber cargo handling reached 63.52 m³/hour, exceeding the minimum operational performance standard. Meanwhile, the average BOR value of 82.04 percent indicates a high level of berth utilization while still remaining within safe limits. Overall, the analyzed operational performance indicators demonstrate that Talud Tegak Wharf has met the applicable port operational service performance standards at the Public Port of PELINDO Gresik