Advancements in Metal Organic Frameworks for Energy Storage Applications: A Review of Current Research and Future Directions
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31004/jestm.v6i3.291Keywords:
Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs), Electrode Materials, Hydrogen Storage, Computational Design, Energy StorageAbstract
Growing energy demand and environmental pressures require storage materials that combine reversible capacity, efficient transport, and durability. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) offer tunable metal nodes, organic linkers, and pore structures, enabling their use as active frameworks, composite components, and precursors to derived materials. This review examines their application in lithium-ion, sodium-ion, lithium–sulfur, and zinc batteries, supercapacitors, and hydrogen storage, together with computational and artificial intelligence approaches to material design. Representative results include 2305 mAh g−1 after 500 cycles at 0.1 A g−1 for a MOF-derived lithium-storage electrode and 97.9% capacity retention after 1000 cycles at 1 A g−1 for a SnPS3@C sodium-storage electrode. These benchmarks arise from different chemistries and test conditions and do not establish a universal performance ranking. The review relates reported improvements to conductive networks, accessible reaction sites, and accommodation of structural change, while examining low conductivity, instability, and limitations in performance normalization. Hydrogen adsorption is assessed by distinguishing material uptake from complete-system storage requirements. Computational screening is considered alongside synthetic accessibility, model uncertainty, and experimental validation. Future research should prioritize application-specific hybrid architectures, matched-condition comparisons, scalable preparation, and device-level assessment to establish which MOF design principles remain effective beyond laboratory demonstrations
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